How USV Mounted Multibeam Echosounder Enhances Accuracy in Bridge Pier Scouring Survey
Bridges are important parts of transportation, while the bridge piers located in water are the cornerstone of traffic safety. If underwater environment has large tidal range, rapid flow velocity, serious sedimentation and scouring etc., all of these are invisible safety risks.
Built in 1973, MinjiangBridge is located in special geographical place where has big topographic drop from upstream and turbulent water flow, which has caused scouring hole for long time. This April, we undertake an important project of "Physical Examination" for Minjiang Bridge, which need high technology equipment to provide comprehensive data for security maintenance.
Traditional bridge pier scouring survey, also known as underwater topographic survey, often uses RTK GNSS receiver to collect data manually. This method has 2 shortcomings.
- The operation is relatively dangerous, cause the flow rate near pile foundation is big and the water flow is disorder.
- Secondly, the operation efficiency is very low and the measuring accuracy may be difficult to meet the project requirements.
Therefore, thiscase will use Unmanned Surface Vessel integrated with Hydro-tech MS400Umultibeam echo sounder. According to survey line designed base on survey area, MS400Uwill carry out moving measurement sounding underwater bridge pier to obtainhigh-precision underwater 3D data. This way efficiently solves the problemsexisting in traditional bridge pier scouring survey and can be significantreferenced by all kinds of scouring monitoring work.
Project Solution
Comparing tosingle beam sonar, multi beam echo sounder’s working efficiency is greatlyimproved, and the water depth and underwater pile foundation terrain topographycan be measured much higher precision.
Hydro-tech MS400U consists of underwater parts and the other units on the deck. The underwaterparts include transducer, which has receiving & projecting array, IMUsensor of SurfMaster, and sound velocity sensor of SVS1500. All of these partsare connected and communicated with deck unit (Or called Sonar InterfaceModule) through cables. The units on deck includes deck unit, which hasbuilt-in GNSS module, connecting with GNSS Antennas and main control computerrunning sonar display & control software and navigation & dataacquisition software.
In order to improve thesystem integrating performance, MS400U has built-in many auxiliary surveysensors including sound velocity sensor, IMU and GNSS etc. User does not needpay more cost in purchase these devices in extra. Furthermore, this way alsoavoids installation error and enhance the surveying accuracy. We are proud tosay that we had truly achieve the goal of all in one!
Conformal Design
In order to make strong installation of multi beam sonar more reliable and reduce the error caused by vibration, we specially have the MBES and USV in conformal design, which can be installed directly and the structure is very firm and solid.
At the same time, we have developed round and square ID designs in extra base on traditional MBES ID in T-type, so that our MS400U can better fit for diversified types of USV.
MS400U Square version is suitable for the compact USV, which arrange each part in square order. While MS400U Round version better fit the small USV, which internal cabin is not enough. Then it can utilize the ADCP moon pool, dismantle the ADCP and install MS400U instead to collect the bathymetric data.
Project Operation
After the installation of multi beam sounding system, the sounding operation measurement shall be carried out along the isobath. The display and control software and navigationacquisition software are used for sonar control and data acquisition.
During the acquisitionprocess, surveyors stand at the shore end, connect and control the operation ofthe USV through the network bridge, and can visually view the equipment statusand underwater operation. The MS400U has built-in inertial navigation system.During the operation, the positioning solution is always fixed, and thecommunication with shore end is always smooth. MS400U carries out underwater 3Dsounding survey with 143° swath sector, directlymeasures the underwater terrain within the coverage area and the 3D structureof the underwater pile foundation, and feedback the underwater terrain changesin the survey area.
Post Processing
This project use Hypack to do post processing and output point cloud data of underwater pile foundation and terrain.
Then we can build up 3D model of underwater data through TIN model.
Data Analysis
In TIN model map, the topographic characteristics around bridge pier are very obvious and the scouring & siltation had been very serious. According to the topographicfluctuation, draw the edge of the scouring area to form a closed curve via professional post processing software tools, and automatically calculate thescouring area of 3010.1 m2 in northeast of the bridge and 235.9 m2 in south of the bridge as shown below.
The cross-section of underwater pile foundation scouring is shown in the following figure:
North SouthSection Line No.: 1,2,6,4,5,3;
East West SectionLine No.: 8,10,11,9,7;
Based on the above data, it can be estimated that the average scouring depth within 15m to south of the pier is 1.1m, so the total scouring volume is about 259.49m3. And the average scouring depth within 15m to northeast of the bridge pier is about 0.7m, the total volume is about 2107.07m3. It is consistent with the actual scouring situation and previous estimated data.
Regarding to the data accuracy, we used comparison method to create TIN models for 2 groups of multibeam sounding data and calculate their difference. The blue colorrepresents surveying area, and the red color is the checking line area. The rendering and range of 2 groups of multibeam data results is shown as followin gpicture.
Then calculate the different value and analysis the difference value of the data with the range of 0.5m*0.5m, which is as shown in the following figure.
After statistics and comparison, 94.34% of the different values is less than or equal to ± 0.1m. And only 1.59% of the different values is greater than ± 0.20m.
It can be seen the underwater pile foundation scouring area measured by multibeam echo sounder MS400U is accurate. The data results well reflect the scouring situation ofunderwater pile foundation. The underwater surveying task is successfullycompleted.
Conclusion
USV mounted with MS400U can greatly enhance underwater surveying efficiency and safely. At the same time, the data accuracy of MS400U is very high, completely meeting the IHO standard.